former

【发音】

美 /'fɔrmɚ/ 英 /'fɔːmə/

【翻译】

1. adj.在前的

   英释:happening or existing before, but not now

2. n. 前者

   英释:the first of two people or things that you have just mentioned

【记忆】

form(形成) ＋ er(表人、 物) → 已形成的东西 → 在前的

【短语】

1. former president : 前任总统

2. former residence : 故居

3. former name : 曾用名

4. in former times : 从前

5. film former : 成膜剂，成膜物；薄膜生成元素；薄膜形成器

【例句】

1. the former Soviet Union

   前苏联

2. Their farm has been reduced to half its former size.

   他们的农场已缩小到以前的一半。

【真题例句】

1. (2017.12 • CET4 • 第二套 • 阅读理解)...and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease...

2. (2017.12 • CET4 • • 阅读理解)...the former dean of students at Yale...

3. (2016.12 • CET4 • 第二套 • 写作题)...I would like to choose the former one...

4. (2016.12 • CET4 • 第二套 • 听力题)...It's not about making money for this former elementary school teacher...

5. (2014.6 • CET4 • 第一套 • 阅读理解)...The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids' screen time...

6. (2014.6 • CET4 • 第一套 • 阅读理解)...She was a former Montessori teacher and amother of four...

7. (2013.12 • CET4 • 第二套 • 写作题)...it is more reasonable to support the former opinion rather than the latter one...

8. (2012.12 • CET4 • 第三套 • 阅读理解)...I had warned my former employer about my condition but it served little purpose...

9. (2011.6 • CET4 • • 阅读理解)...the former United Nations secretary general...

10. (2009.12 • CET4 • • 阅读理解)...another former Yale provost...

【同、近义词】

1. adj.从前的，前者的；前任的

   long-ago/old-time/

2. n.模型，样板；起形成作用的人

   matrix/model/shape/template/

【同根词】

1. adj

   formative : 形成的；造型的；格式化的

   formalized : 形式化的；正式的

   formless : 没有形状的；无定形的；形体不明的

2. adv

   formally : 正式地；形式上

   formerly : 以前；原来

3. n

   form : 形式，形状；形态，外形；方式；表格

   formative : 构词要素

   formalism : 形式主义；形式体系

   formalization : 形式化；礼仪化

4. v

   formalized : 使正式；使有效（formalize的过去分词）；使定形；拘泥于形式

5. vi

   form : 形成，构成；排列

   formalize : 拘泥于形式

6. vt

   form : 构成，组成；排列，组织；产生，塑造

   formalize : 使形式化；使正式；拘泥礼仪